The present sector covers emissions from industrial process and emission of F-gases. Energy related emissions from industrial plants are included in the Energy Sector. Emissions from industrial processes can be distributed in the following main categories:

• “Mineral products” includes emissions from cement production, lime production, limestone and dolomite use, asphalt roofing, road paving with asphalt, and “other” i.e. glass production, production of yellow bricks, and expanded clay products. The pollutants are CO₂, NO_x, SO₂, CO, NMVOC, and heavy metals
• “Chemical industry” includes emissions from production of sulphuric acid (ceased in 1997), nitric acid (ceased in 2004), pesticides and production of catalysts/fertilizers. The pollutants are N₂O, NO_x, SO₂, and CO₂.
• “Metal production” includes steelworks, iron foundries, metal foundries, and magnesium foundries. The pollutants are CO₂, heavy metals and the F-gas SF₆.
• “Other production” e.g. Food and drink includes refining of sugar and manufacturing of food products. The pollutants are CO₂ and NMVOC.
• “Consumption of Halocarbons and SF₆” includes emission of HFCs from refrigeration and air condition equipment, foam blowing and aerosols, and emission of PFCs from refrigeration and air condition equipment and fibre optics, and SF₆ from electrical equipment.
• “Other” e.g. Consumption of lubricants. The pollutant is CO₂.

Emissions

The distribution of emissions of greenhouse gases from the Industrial sector is presented in table 1. Production of cement and use of HFCs and PFCs for refrigeration are the most important processes and contributes with respectively 43.3% and 39.1% of the emission of CO₂-eq. from the sector.

The trend for emission of greenhouse gases (CO₂-eq.) as well as individual gases from industrial processes is shown in figure 1. The decrease in total emission of GHG-eq. in 2004 can be explained by the cease of the production nitric acid for fertilisers. The nitric acid production generates the greenhouse gas N₂O as a by-product. The decrease of emission of CO₂ in 2008 and 2009 may be explained by the decrease in economic activity.

a)

b)

Figure 1   Emission of a) total greenhouse gases and b) individual greenhouse gases from industrial processes.

The trend for emission of NO_x and SO₂ from the sectors “Mineral products” and “Chemical industry” is shown in figure 2. The decrease in emission of SO₂ from “Chemical industry” in 1998 can be explained by the cease of sulphuric acid production and the decrease of NO_x in 2004 can be explained by the cease of nitric acid production. The decrease in emission of NO_x and SO₂ after 2005 from “Mineral products” may be explained with decrease in economic activity combined with process changes.

a)

b)

Figure 2   Emission of SO₂ and NO_x from the sectors a) "Mineral products" and b) "Chemical industry" 

Methodology

The applied methodologies vary from process to process and are in line with the IPCC guidelines. In general the emissions can be calculated by the following formula:

where the activity can be consumed amount of raw material or produced amount of end products. Some emissions are obtained from the actual process if the plant are required to publish own measurements in annual environmental reports or to report CO₂ emissions to the national authorities to fulfil the requirements according to European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS).

The activity data are obtained from Statistics Denmark (Industrial commodity statistics and import/export statistics), individual companies, and industrial organisations.

The applied emission factors are obtained from the IPCC guideline and the EMEP/EEA guidebook (i.e. default EF), surveys on companies within a specific trade, and by use of stoichiometric relations (e.g. CO₂ emission from heating of calcium carbonate).

Further information on industrial process emissions can be obtained from the following reports:

Annual Danish Informative Report to UNECE 2010

Denmark's National Inventory Report 2010 to UNFCCC